The Kennet and Avon Canaland Amazing Waterway Navigation from Bath to Reading

History and General Knowledge of the Kennet and Avon Canal

The Kennet and Avon Canal stands as a testament to engineering ingenuity and industrial history, stretching from the River Thames at Reading to the River Avon at Bath. This iconic waterway connects the scenic landscapes of southern England and continues to captivate visitors with its charm and rich legacy.

A Brief History of the Kennet and Avon Canal

Origins of the Canal
The idea of linking the River Thames and River Avon was conceived during the Elizabethan era. However, it wasn’t until the 18th century that construction began. The canal's journey started in 1718 under engineer John Hore, focusing on making the River Kennet navigable from Newbury to Reading. Despite facing opposition, the Kennet Navigation opened in 1723.

The Engineers & Construction Milestones

The construction of the canal required innovative solutions to overcome natural obstacles. John Rennie the Elder redesigned the route in 1793, bypassing water supply issues, and received Royal Assent in 1794. Key milestones included the Bruce Tunnel, which spans over 500 yards, and the awe-inspiring Caen Hill Locks, a staircase of 16 locks completed in 1810. These engineering achievements enabled a continuous waterway between London and Bristol.

The canal portion of the Kennet and Avon runs predominantly east to west, tracing a path largely parallel to the River Avon until Bath, where the river resumes the journey.

Construction of the canal began in 1718 under the guidance of engineer John Hore. His initial focus was making the River Kennet navigable between Newbury and Reading, resulting in the completion of the Kennet Navigation in 1723, despite significant opposition at the time.

Hore also oversaw the installation of six locks on the River Avon, facilitating navigation between Bristol and Bath.

To bridge the gap between the River Kennet and River Avon, several engineers—Barns, Simcock, and Weston—originally proposed a route passing through Marlborough, Chippenham, Calne, and Melksham. However, water supply challenges prompted a revised southern route in 1793 by John Rennie the Elder. His plan included passing through Devizes, Trowbridge, and Newbury, and it received Royal Assent in 1794, allowing construction to proceed.

By 1810, the final piece of the canal, the impressive Caen Hill Locks, was completed, enabling uninterrupted boat traffic between Bristol and London.

Built between 1794 and 1810, the canal experienced a decline, like many British waterways, as railways gained prominence. By the late 20th century, however, a restoration effort, primarily driven by volunteers, revived the canal for modern use.

The idea of linking the Rivers Thames and Avon dates back to Elizabethan times. Upon its completion, the canal created a vital trade route for transporting goods between Bristol and London, cutting through the scenic landscapes of Wiltshire and the Cotswolds.

When travelling eastward from Bristol toward Reading and the River Thames, the canal climbs from Locks 1 to 54, with the summit reached at Bruce Tunnel. From there, Locks 55 to 107 descend toward Reading.

The iconic Caen Hill Locks, spanning Locks 22 to 50 in Devizes, are a stunning sight. This stretch includes 16 locks arranged in a straight line, ascending a total of 237 feet. The Caen Hill Cafe, located at the summit, provides a welcome spot for visitors to relax and enjoy refreshments.

The locks along the Kennet and Avon Canal are numbered sequentially from Hanham Lock near Keynsham to Blakes Lock in Newtown, East Reading, at Lower Caversham. Notably, Lock 98 (Ufton Lock) has no gates, allowing boats to pass through unobstructed after Towney Lock (Lock 97) was deepened during renovations in the 1970's.

As part of restoration efforts, Locks 8 and 9 were combined in 1976 to create a single deep lock with a rise of 19 feet and 5 inches, showcasing the ingenuity behind preserving this historic waterway.

Role in the Industrial Revolution

During its heyday, the canal facilitated the transport of coal, timber, and other goods to burgeoning industrial hubs. By the mid-19th century, it was a vital artery for trade, connecting major cities like Bath, Bristol, and London.

Decline and Revival

The rise of railways in the 19th century marked the decline of the Kennet and Avon Canal. Cheaper and faster rail transport led to a drop in canal traffic, and by 1951, it was closed to commercial use. However, a wave of restoration spearheaded by volunteers in the late 20th century breathed new life into the canal, transforming it into a recreational haven.

Conclusion
The Kennet and Avon Canal is more than a waterway; it’s a journey through history, nature, and community spirit. Whether you're boating, walking, or simply soaking in the views, this canal offers an unforgettable experience. Dive into its rich past and relish its serene present.